The recently launched iPhone 16e features Apple’s custom-built C1 modem for enhanced 5G and LTE connectivity, marking a significant shift from all other current iPhone models that depend on Qualcomm modems. While the average user may not prioritize this advancement, it represents a significant milestone for Apple, which has been developing its own cellular modem since at least 2018.

While the performance metrics for the C1 modem are still pending, initial expectations suggest that it may offer slower 5G speeds compared to Qualcomm’s Snapdragon X71 modem found in the iPhone 16 models. However, Apple aims to eventually reach or exceed Qualcomm’s performance in modem technology, a target that might require several years of development.

In the meantime, Apple claims that the C1 modem is the most energy-efficient modem utilized in any iPhone to date. This efficiency contributes to the iPhone 16e providing the longest battery life among all 6.1-inch iPhone models, surpassing even the standard iPhone 16. This highlights Apple’s reputation for superior hardware and software integration.

Apple has indicated that the C1 modem represents only the beginning of their modem development journey. In a recent press release regarding U.S. manufacturing initiatives, Apple strongly suggested additional devices incorporating custom 5G modems will be launched in the future.

As highlighted in the announcement:

Apple C1 signifies a pivotal advancement in the Apple silicon narrative and is the outcome of years of research and development investment. This achievement exemplifies the collective efforts of thousands of engineers. The Apple C1 modem sets the foundation for a comprehensive strategy that will empower Apple to innovate and fine-tune the modem system for future Apple products.

Which devices might benefit from Apple’s custom modem next?

According to renowned Apple supply chain analyst Ming-Chi Kuo, the upcoming ultra-slim iPhone 17 Air set to be released later this year will also incorporate the C1 modem.

Furthermore, cellular configurations of the iPad 11 are also likely candidates for the C1 modem. Apple is predicted to unveil the iPad 11 in March or April.

Additionally, Bloomberg‘s Mark Gurman has reported that Apple is exploring the possibility of integrating 5G modems into future Mac computers and Vision Pro models.

Apple has publicly stated that it begins developing future A-series processors for iPhones up to four years in advance, and this timeline likely extends to C-series modems as well. Gurman and other sources have indicated that Apple is already in the process of developing C2 and C3 modems. The C2 modem aims to support mmWave 5G technology, while the C3 modem is reportedly designed to outperform Qualcomm’s offerings.

All four models of the iPhone 18 and the iPad Pro might feature the C2 modem.

Looking further ahead, Apple intends to integrate the modem into the A-series chip of future iPhones.

Why has Apple chosen to develop its own iPhone modem? Firstly, it reduces dependence on external suppliers, especially for components sourced from a single provider like Qualcomm. Additionally, Apple’s relationship with Qualcomm has been somewhat tumultuous. The two companies managed to settle a legal dispute and extend their modem licensing agreement for iPhones until March 2027. However, it’s likely that Apple seeks to avoid any further extensions of this contract.

Previously, Apple attempted to decrease its reliance on Qualcomm by utilizing Intel modems in several iPhone models from the iPhone 7 through the iPhone 11 series. This move, however, was controversial, as performance tests revealed that Intel modems performed significantly worse than Qualcomm’s alternatives. As a result, Apple reverted to using Qualcomm modems exclusively starting with the iPhone 12 models, ushering in the 5G era, while also setting its sights on developing its own modem for the long term. In 2019, Apple acquired the majority of Intel’s smartphone modem business, culminating in the recent introduction of the C1 modem after extensive research and development.

Ultimately, it’s likely that every cellular-enabled Apple device will eventually integrate a C-series modem.