Despite America’s significant power in contrast to the unstable circumstances in Ukraine, it was clear which address resonated more with attendees at the summit.

Vance’s remarks were met with cold expressions, disapproving glances, and only a minimal round of applause from a handful of supporters. Subsequently, a wave of criticism emerged as participants discussed his comments in the cafés and lobbies of Munich’s Bayerischer Hof hotel. In stark contrast, Zelenskyy’s address received a standing ovation.

The pressing question now is whether Europe will take action based on this sentiment. “Perhaps we should express our gratitude to JD Vance for his candid criticism of Europe, as it has made Europeans realize that Trump is also targeting them,” former Ukrainian Foreign Minister Dmytro Kuleba shared with POLITICO.

“During his visit to Paris, he bluntly stated, ‘Don’t compete with us on AI. Welcome our companies, eliminate all barriers, and everything will be fine.’ … Then he arrived here and criticized both Europe’s economic and political frameworks,” Kuleba pointed out. “The ball is now in Europe’s court. It will be interesting to observe their response.”

This situation presents a substantial challenge. The concept of a European army was first introduced in the 1950s, sparking interest that has fluctuated over the decades, yet little progress has been made. Relying on American support has been much simpler. Now, with increasing financial constraints, Europe must confront tough decisions regarding social versus defense spending—debates that are likely to exacerbate domestic political tensions, further fueling existing discontent among those feeling neglected by their leaders.

Unifying as Zelenskyy advocates is far from straightforward. There will be resistance from Trump’s proponents, including figures like Hungary’s Viktor Orbán and Slovakia’s Robert Fico, while Trump is expected to deploy tariffs as a means to manipulate and target individual nations.

Nevertheless, the battle for Europe has begun.